• Further rate cuts in Canada this year a certainty while we continue to believe that the Federal Reserve will cut in September.
  • Economic data have come in largely as expected so our forecasts remain largely unchanged. Lower interest rates will provide a mild boost to economic growth later this year, but the full impact of rate cuts will take time to materialize given the lags of monetary policy.
  • Clarity on interest rates and the outlook over the next few months may be fleeting. The results of the US election risk muddying the outlook substantially.

The long-awaited rate cuts are finally underway in Canada and are likely to start in the United States in September. These will eventually provide relief to the interest rate sensitive parts of the economy and may also lift business and household sentiment. These rate cuts are occurring in the context of slow, but still-positive growth, and solid progress on inflation management even though there remain substantial risks of higher inflation (linked to the sharp rise in global shipping costs and rapid wage growth and low productivity in Canada). We remain comfortable with our view that policy rates will fall by another 75 basis points in Canada this year and that the Federal Reserve will cut its policy rate by at least 50 basis points starting in September. Moreover, economic data have come in roughly as expected over the last several months, leading to only minor tweaks to the outlook for growth. All told, this forecast update is largely similar to our previous forecast. In this sense, the stability in our forecast combined with more certainty on the interest rate path suggest greater clarity in the outlook for the next several months.

This period of clarity may well come to a crashing stop following the results of the US election. A win by former President Trump, as currently seems likely (chart 1), risks muddying the outlook in a number of ways. He is almost certain to lower corporate taxes and reduce regulation. That would provide a short-term boost to growth and markets while further imperiling US fiscal solvency. He has spoken extensively about his plans to raise tariffs on all imports coming into the US (see chart 2 for the impact his much tamer trade policies had on uncertainty in his first term as President). His VP nominee, along with a number of other advisors, seem to be proponents of a weak dollar policy, which could lead to efforts to devalue the US dollar. As impractical as this may sound, Republicans have been ramping up the rhetoric around the deportation of illegal immigrants. Most recently, Mr. Trump has again signalled some hesitance to support Taiwan. With the exception of lower taxes and less regulation, these developments would all be destabilizing and inject significant downside uncertainty to the outlook. There is of course much uncertainty around what policies a second Trump Administration might pursue. If limited to tax cuts and deregulation there may well be a sizeable boost to growth. Layering on other policies would likely erode all of these gains over time. While there is uncertainty about the net impact of policies on the economy, there is no doubt that all the policies currently being contemplated are inflationary. A second Trump Administration would require upward revisions to inflation forecasts and possibly slower (and less) rate cuts. As should be evident by now, the path beyond the US election is about as clear as mud.

Chart 1: US Presidential Election Betting Odds (Jan 2024-Present); Chart 2: Trade Policy Uncertainty Index

If current polling trends persist, we will adjust our forecasts in September to reflect an anticipated Trump victory.

Table 1: International: Real GDP, Consumer Prices 2021 to 2025
Table 2: North America: Real GDP 2021 to 2025 and Quarterly Forecasts
Table 3: Central Bank Rates, Currencies, Interest Rates 2022 to 2025
Table 4: The Provinces 2021 to 2025